Let D equal the number of digits for the security code. Let K equal the number of digits on the keypad.
For a binary keypad (0, 1) and a three-digit code, our set consists of (000E, 001E, 010E, 011E, 100E, 101E, 110E, 111E). Thus, we have at most $2^3 \times (3+1)$ possible keys to enter, where the plus one is for the ENTER key. Generally speaking, we'd have $K^D \times (D+1)$ possible keys to enter.
Without the ENTER key, we could keep pressing the keypad until all combinations have formed. The minimum number of keys required would be $K^D + D$.
So for a binary keypad, we'd have:
D | String | Keys (wo/ E) | Keys (w/ E) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 01 | 2 | 4 |
2 | 00110 | 5 | 12 |
3 | 0001110100 | 10 | 32 |
4 | 0000111100101101000 | 19 | 80 |
5 | 000001111100010010101110110011010000 | 36 | 192 |
Thus, one only needs to know the string concatenations to be able to guess the right combination if no ENTER or code-stopper key is required.
Update: See De Bruijn Sequence and ProjectEuler #265 for a related problem.
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